Gingival phenotype and its relationship with different clinical parameters: a study in a Dominican adult sample.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of thin and thick gingival phenotype (GPh) in a sample of Dominican subjects and correlate it with clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred seven periodontal healthy volunteers in the range of 18-73 years were enrolled in the study. GPh was defined by the transparency of a periodontal probe through the buccal gingival margin on the upper right or left central incisor. Clinical periodontal parameters such as keratinized gingiva width (WKG), attached gingiva width (WAG), probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) were recorded by a calibrated examiner. Frequency distribution of qualitative variables was calculated. For quantitative variables, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparison of groups. RESULTS: There was no association between GPh and sex. There were no significant differences between thin and thick GPh regarding age, PD, GI, and interproximal index. The association between tooth morphology and GPh was significant (p = 0.018). Median amount of keratinized gingiva was significantly larger (p = 0.01) in subjects with thin gingival phenotype (median = 6.00 mm) when compared with subjects with thick gingival phenotype (median = 5 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with thin GPh presented larger WKG. Furthermore, there was an association between tooth morphology and GPh. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first study to report the distribution of gingival phenotype and its relationship with different periodontal parameters of a Caribbean population. Our findings can contribute to the clinicians when planning or performing dental procedures.

Anti-inflammatory effect of salt water and chlorhexidine 0.12% mouthrinse after periodontal surgery: a randomized prospective clinical study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory efficacy of sodium chloride- and a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinses in patients undergoing minimal invasive periodontal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis and indication for access flap procedure were randomly selected. Group A: a sodium chloride (salt)water-based mouth rinse (test group) or group B: a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse (control group) administered after surgery. Gingival Index (GI) were evaluated in the whole mouth and in the surgical site at baseline (T1), a week later (T2), and 12 weeks (T3) after the treatment. Total MMP activity was measured in GCF using a commercial kit and plate reader. Medians of total MMP activity and GI were compared for time intervals T1 vs. T2, T1 vs. T3, and T2 vs T3 using Friedman tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and were also compared between test and control using Mann-WhitneyU tests at each timepoint. RESULTS: The average GI values showed significant differences between baseline and T2 (p = 0.0005) and baseline and T3 (p = 0.003) in the test group. CONCLUSION: The sodium chloride-mouth rinse use after periodontal surgery seems to have similar anti-inflammatory properties as CHX mouth rinse and can be used regularly postoperatively after periodontal surgical procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of salt water mouthwash showed an anti-inflammatory effect similar to CHX 0.12% after minimal invasive periodontal surgery. Salt water mouthwash is accessible to the world population and can contribute on the healing process after periodontal surgery.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an adult population from eight communities in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) in an adult population from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. 751 subjects from eight communities from Santo Domingo accepted the invitation to participate in an oral screening from October 2016 to January 2017. 248 subjects were evaluated and clinically examined, age range 18-86 years. A validated instrument was designed to record demographic factors, age group, gender, anatomical location, presence or absence of OMLs, risk factors such as tobacco consumption and its frequency, and different forms of tobacco and alcohol use. A systematic oral clinical examination was conducted by a specialist. The presence or absence, and anatomic location of OMLs were recorded. The sample consisted of 44.4% males and 55.6 % females. 228 subjects had 1 or more lesions (91.9%), the median was 3 lesions per patient. In relation to risk factors, tobacco use in general was reported by 26.2 % of the subjects, with cigarette smoking reported by 75.4%, followed by other forms as "hookah" 9.2 %, marihuana 9.2%, cigars ("puros")4.6% and pipe smoking 1.5%. Among the oral lesions detected by screening, the nonpathological group was prevalent, and included physiologic melanin pigmentation as the most frequent (25.0%) followed by palatal/mandibular tori (20.2%), Fordyce granules (7.9%), and Exostosis (5.6%). Potentially malignant disorders (Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Lichen Planus and Actinic Cheilitis) corresponded to 2.2%, 0.3 %, and 0.3%, respectively. No malignancy was observed clinically. This study Authorutes to determining the prevalence of OMLs in Dominican Republic and to identifying risk factors. This is the first study reporting the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among the Dominican adult population. This information is vital for establishing a public health program targeting the high-risk group to improve the oral health status in this population.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de lesiones de la mucosa oral (LMO) en una población adulta proveniente de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. 751 individuos procedentes de ocho comunidades de la provincia de Santo Domingo, respondieron a la invitación para participar en el examen bucal, desde Octubre 2016 a Enero 2017. 248 sujetos con un rango de edad de 18-86 años, fueron evaluados y examinados clínicamente. Se diseñó y validó un instrumento para obtener datos de factores demográficos, grupos de edad, género, localización anatómica, presencia o ausencia de lesiones de la mucosa oral, factores de riesgo tales como: consumo de tabaco, frecuencia, diferentes formas de uso de tabaco y alcohol. Un especialista en el área, realizó un examen clínico bucal sistematizado en el cual se evaluó y registró la presencia o ausencia de lesiones y su localización anatómica. De acuerdo a la distribución por género, 44.4% correspondió a masculino y 55.6 % femenino. 228/248 sujetos presentaron 1 o más lesiones (91.9%), siendo la media de 3 lesiones por paciente. En relación a los factores de riesgo, el tabaco se reportó en 26.2%, siendo el fumar cigarrillos el 75.4%, seguido de otras formas como "hookah" 9.2%, marihuana 9.2%, cigarros ("puros") 4.6% y pipa fumada 1.5 %. En cuanto a las lesiones bucales detectadas en el examen, el grupo de condiciones no patológicas fue el más frecuente e incluía a pigmentaciones fisiológicas melánicas (25.0%), seguida de torus palatino/mandibulares (20.2 %), gránulos de Fordyce (7.9%) y exostosis (5.6%),respectivamente. Las lesiones potencialmente malignas detectadas (Leucoplasia oral, Liquen plano oral y Queilitis actínica) correspondieron al 2.2%, 0.3 % y 0.3%, respectivamente. Clínicamente, no se observó malignidad. Este estudio Authoruye a determinar la prevalencia de LMO en República Dominicana e identificar factores de riesgo. Los hallazgos representan el primer estudio que muestra la prevalencia de las lesiones de mucosa oral en la población adulta dominicana. Se recomienda la creación de un programa de salud pública orientado a grupos de alto riesgo para mejorar el estatus de salud oral en esta población.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in an adult population from eight communities in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic / Prevalencia de lesiones de mucosa oral en una población adulta de ocho comunidades en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) in an adult population from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. 751 subjects from eight communities from Santo Domingo accepted the invitation to participate in an oral screening from October 2016 to January 2017. 248 subjects were evaluated and clinically examined, age range 18-86 years. A validated instrument was designed to record demographic factors, age group, gender, anatomical location, presence or absence of OMLs, risk factors such as tobacco consumption and its frequency, and different forms of tobacco and alcohol use. A systematic oral clinical examination was conducted by a specialist. The presence or absence, and anatomic location of OMLs were recorded. The sample consisted of 44.4% males and 55.6 % females. 228 subjects had 1 or more lesions (91.9%), the median was 3 lesions per patient. In relation to risk factors, tobacco use in general was reported by 26.2 % of the subjects, with cigarette smoking reported by 75.4%, followed by other forms as "hookah" 9.2 %, marihuana 9.2%, cigars ("puros")4.6% and pipe smoking 1.5%. Among the oral lesions detected by screening, the nonpathological group was prevalent, and included physiologic melanin pigmentation as the most frequent (25.0%) followed by palatal/mandibular tori (20.2%), Fordyce granules (7.9%), and Exostosis (5.6%). Potentially malignant disorders (Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Lichen Planus and Actinic Cheilitis) corresponded to 2.2%, 0.3 %, and 0.3%, respectively. No malignancy was observed clinically. This study contributes to determining the prevalence of OMLs in Dominican Republic and to identifying risk factors. This is the first study reporting the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among the Dominican adult population. This information is vital for establishing a public health program targeting the high-risk group to improve the oral health status in this population.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de lesiones de la mucosa oral (LMO) en una población adulta proveniente de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. 751 individuos procedentes de ocho comunidades de la provincia de Santo Domingo, respondieron a la invitación para participar en el examen bucal, desde Octubre 2016 a Enero 2017. 248 sujetos con un rango de edad de 18-86 años, fueron evaluados y examinados clínicamente. Se diseñó y validó un instrumento para obtener datos de factores demográficos, grupos de edad, género, localización anatómica, presencia o ausencia de lesiones de la mucosa oral, factores de riesgo tales como: consumo de tabaco, frecuencia, diferentes formas de uso de tabaco y alcohol. Un especialista en el área, realizó un examen clínico bucal sistematizado en el cual se evaluó y registró la presencia o ausencia de lesiones y su localización anatómica. De acuerdo a la distribución por género, 44.4% correspondió a masculino y 55.6 % femenino. 228/248 sujetos presentaron 1 o más lesiones (91.9%), siendo la media de 3 lesiones por paciente. En relación a los factores de riesgo, el tabaco se reportó en 26.2%, siendo el fumar cigarrillos el 75.4%, seguido de otras formas como "hookah" 9.2%, marihuana 9.2%, cigarros ("puros") 4.6% y pipa fumada 1.5 %. En cuanto a las lesiones bucales detectadas en el examen, el grupo de condiciones no patológicas fue el más frecuente e incluía a pigmentaciones fisiológicas melánicas (25.0%), seguida de torus palatino/mandibulares (20.2 %), gránulos de Fordyce (7.9%) y exostosis (5.6%),respectivamente. Las lesiones potencialmente malignas detectadas (Leucoplasia oral, Liquen plano oral y Queilitis actínica) correspondieron al 2.2%, 0.3 % y 0.3%, respectivamente. Clínicamente, no se observó malignidad. Este estudio contribuye a determinar la prevalencia de LMO en República Dominicana e identificar factores de riesgo. Los hallazgos representan el primer estudio que muestra la prevalencia de las lesiones de mucosa oral en la población adulta dominicana. Se recomienda la creación de un programa de salud pública orientado a grupos de alto riesgo para mejorar el estatus de salud oral en esta población.

Myocardial strain characterization in different left ventricular adaptative responses to high blood pressure: a study based on 3D-wall motion tracking analysis.

BACKGROUND: High blood pressure increases left ventricular (LV) after-load. Furthermore, LV response to that high blood pressure varies among different subjects. Nevertheless, myocardial deformation behavior in these different adaptative responses has not been analyzed until now. METHODS: Prospective study in which 66 consecutive hypertensive patients were enrolled in between May and August 2009. Every patient underwent a standard echocardiographic study and a three-dimensional-wall motion tracking (3D-WMT) study. The patients were classified according to parameters derived from echocardiography in four different groups: normal geometry, concentric remodelling, concentric hypertrophy, and eccentric hypertrophy. RESULTS: Mean age was 68 years (57-74.25; 51.5% male). Comparing the four groups, significant differences were found for the five 3D-WMT-derived parameters. When patients were compared with hypertensive patients with normal geometry, our finding show that: (a) LV average torsion is the only impaired parameter that is found in the LV concentric remodelling group (P < 0.05 vs. group 1); (b) there is a trend for an increase (P = 0.055) in LV average radial strain in the group with concentric hypertrophy and this increase is accompanied by a significant decrease in the remaining studied parameters (P < 0.05); and (c) in the LV eccentric hypertrophy group, there is a significant impairment in all the studied parameters (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LV adaptative response to hypertension is accompanied by a modification or even impairment, in LV myocardial deformation evaluated by 3D-WMT. This assessment might be useful to detect early and subtle deformation impairments in hypertensive patients and it could help optimize their clinical management.